Ancient Greece: Philosophers and Philosophical Schools

Socrates

Socrates, an ancient Greek philosopher from Classical Athens (399 BCE)

An influential classical Greek philosopher whose method of critical dialogue shaped Western ethical and epistemological thought. The publication includes his biography, his association with early Socratic philosophy, and the core concepts attributed to his method and teachings.

Plato

Plato (c. 428–347 BCE), an ancient Greek philosopher, Socrates' student.

A student of Socrates and founder of the Academy in Athens, Plato developed a comprehensive philosophical system addressing metaphysics, ethics, and politics. The publication includes his biography, the Platonic school of philosophy, and the key concepts formulated in his works.

Aristotle

Aristotle (c. 384 - 322 BCE), an ancient Greek philosopher, Plato's student.

A student of Plato and tutor of Alexander the Great, Aristotle produced foundational works across logic, natural science, ethics, and political theory. The publication includes his biography, the Peripatetic school, and the philosophical concepts he established.

Diodorus Siculus

Diodorus Siculus, an ancient Greek historian.

A Greek historian best known for Bibliotheca historica, a universal history of the ancient world. The publication includes his biography, his historiographical approach, and the conceptual framework underlying his historical method.

Herodotus

Herodotus (c. 484 – 425 BCE), an ancient Greek historian and geographer.

Often called the “Father of History,” Herodotus authored Histories, combining narrative history with ethnographic observation. The publication includes his biography, his early historiographical tradition, and the concepts shaping his historical inquiry.

Plutarch

Plutarch (c. 46 – 120 CE), an ancient Greek biographer, philosopher, and essayist.

A Greek biographer and moral philosopher whose Parallel Lives compares Greek and Roman figures. The publication includes his biography, his moral–philosophical tradition, and the ethical concepts expressed through his comparative method.

Thucydides

Thucydides (c. 460 – 400 BCE), an Athenian (ancient Greece) historian and general.

A historian renowned for his analytical account of the Peloponnesian War, emphasizing causality and power dynamics. The publication includes his biography, his realist historiographical approach, and the core concepts informing his analysis of conflict.

Xenophon

Xenophon (c. 430 – 354 BCE) was an ancient Athenian soldier, historian, philosopher (ancient Greece).

A historian, soldier, and philosopher whose works document Socratic thought and Greek political life. The publication includes his biography, his philosophical and historical orientation, and the concepts presented across his writings.

Philosophy and Philosophers in Ancient Greece